Which one of the following is the most common side effect of antihyperlipidemic drug therapy?
Antihyperlipidemic Drugs lower serum levels of cholesterol and various lipids. They are also called as lipid-lowering agents; these drugs provide effective treatment for hyperlipidemia (increased lipid level in the blood). The incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD), the most common cause of death among adults, is higher in people with hyperlipidemia. High level of lipids and triglyceride is associated with metabolic syndrome consist of insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and proinflammatory and prothrombotic states. Show
Antihyperlipidemic: Generic and Brand NamesHere is a table of commonly encountered antihyperlipidemic drugs, their generic names, and brand names: ClassificationGeneric NameBrand NameBile Acid SequestrantscholestyramineQuestrancolesevelamWelcholcolestipolColestidHMG-CoA Reductase InhibitorsatorvastatinLipitorfluvastatinLescollovastatinMevacorpitavastatinLivalopravastatinPravancholsimvastatinZocorCholesterol Absorption InhibitorezetimibeZetiaOthers: FibratesfenofibrateTriCorfinofibric acidTripilixgemfibrozilLopidVitamin BniacinNiaspanDisease Spotlight: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Bile Acid Sequestrants
Therapeutic Action
Indications
Children
Adults
Older adults
Pharmacokinetics
Contraindications and Cautions
Adverse EffectsThe adverse effects of bile acid sequestrants nurses need to watch out for are as follows:
Interactions
Nursing ConsiderationsHere are important nursing considerations when administering bile acid sequestrants: Nursing AssessmentThese are the important things the nurse should include in conducting assessment, history taking, and examination:
Nursing DiagnosesHere are some of the nursing diagnoses that can be formulated in the use of this drug for therapy:
Implementation with RationaleThese are vital nursing interventions done in patients who are taking bile acid sequestrants:
EvaluationHere are aspects of care that should be evaluated to determine effectiveness of drug therapy:
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Therapeutic Action
Indications
Children
Adults
Older adults
PharmacokineticsRouteOnsetPeakDurationOralSlow1-2 h20-30 hT1/2: 14 hMetabolism: liver Excretion: bile Contraindications and Cautions
Adverse Effects
Interactions
Nursing ConsiderationsHere are important nursing considerations when administering HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: Nursing AssessmentThese are the important things the nurse should include in conducting assessment, history taking, and examination:
Nursing DiagnosesHere are some of the nursing diagnoses that can be formulated in the use of this drug for therapy:
Implementation with RationaleThese are vital nursing interventions done in patients who are taking HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors:
EvaluationHere are aspects of care that should be evaluated to determine effectiveness of drug therapy:
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
Therapeutic ActionThe therapeutic action of cholesterol absorption inhibitors are as follows:
IndicationsCholesterol absorption inhibitors are indicated as follows:
Children
Adults
Older adults
PharmacokineticsRouteOnsetPeakOralModerate4-12 hT1/2: 22 hMetabolism: liver, small intestine Excretion: urine, feces Contraindications and CautionsCholesterol absorption inhibitors are contraindicated with the following:
Adverse EffectsThe adverse effects of cholesterol absorption inhibitors are as follows:
InteractionsAssess the interaction of the drug with the following:
Nursing ConsiderationsHere are important nursing considerations when administering cholesterol absorption inhibitors: Nursing AssessmentThese are the important things the nurse should include in conducting assessment, history taking, and examination:
Nursing DiagnosesHere are some of the nursing diagnoses that can be formulated in the use of this drug for therapy:
Implementation with RationaleThese are vital nursing interventions done in patients who are taking cholesterol absorption inhibitors:
EvaluationHere are aspects of care that should be evaluated to determine effectiveness of drug therapy:
Practice Quiz: Antihyperlipidemic DrugsQuiz time! Take our 7-item quiz about antihyperlipidemic drugs–perfect practice quiz for your NCLEX exam! 1. Lipid levels of individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) is usually high. All of the following are factors of CAD, except: A. Men 2. Antihyperlipidemic agent that is used to decrease plasma cholesterol levels. A. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors 3. A pregnant woman needs a lipid-lowering agent. What would be the best class of lipid-lowering agent for pregnant women? A. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors 4. The only statin with outcome data to show effectiveness in decreasing CAD and incidence of myocardial infarction. A. atorvastatin (Lipitor) 5. Which of the following medical conditions will render antihyperlipidemics ineffective? A. biliary obstruction ADVERTISEMENTS 6. This drug works on the brush border of the intestines. A. ezetimibe 7. A patient who is taking a bile acid sequestrant complains of abdominal distention and nausea. What should the nurse do? A. Document, withdraw drug, and notify doctor. 8. What vitamin plays a role in lowering cholesterol concentration? A. Vitamin C 9. When should statins be taken to maximize its therapeutic effects? A. After meals 10. The doctor ordered atorvastatin for an obese client’s hyperlipidemia. This patient is receiving erythromycin for a toe infection at the same time. The nurse knows that this combination should be avoided because? A. It increases risk of atorvastatin toxicity. Answers and Rationale 1. Answer: D. None of the above. The incidence of CAD in men is higher than premenopausal women. Gout injures the blood vessels because of accumulation of uric acid. Untreated bacterial infections can also contribute to CAD. 2. Answer: C. Bile acid sequestrants. Bile acid contains a lot of cholesterol and bile acid sequestrants bind to them to form an insoluble complex that is then excreted in the feces. 3. Answer: B. Bile acid sequestrants. This is the drug of choice for women of childbearing age. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor is pregnancy category X. 4. Answer: C. pravastatin (Pravachol). Pravastatin is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor that can prevent first MI even in patients who do not have documented increase in cholesterol concentration. 5. Answer: A. biliary obstruction. This condition can interfere with the mechanism of action of the drug, thereby reducing its effectiveness. 6. Answer: A. ezetimibe. It belongs to cholesterol absorption inhibitor class and by acting on the brush border of the intestines, absorption of cholesterol is not allowed. 7. Answer: B. Provide comfort measures. GI discomforts as evidenced by abdominal distention, nausea, and vomiting are common complaints by patients taking bile acid sequestrants. The nurse should provide comfort measures to help patients tolerate drug effects. 8. Answer: C. Vitamin B3. Niacin is used as a treatment for hyperlipidemia that does not respond to diet and weight loss. 9. Answer: C. At night. It is when the liver is processing the most lipids (midnight to 5 AM). 10. Answer: C. It can result in breakdown of muscles. Rhabdomyolysis can occur if statins are combined with erythromycin, cyclosporine, and antifungal drugs. Waste products from this muscle breakdown injure glomeruli and can lead to acute renal failure. Which is the most common side effect of antihyperlipidemic drugs therapy?Flushing may last for a few hours. These effects should improve or go away as your body adjusts to the medication. Stomach upset, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may also occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.
Which of the following is the most common type of antihyperlipidemic?Atorvastatin (Lipitor) is the most commonly prescribed antihyperlipidemic drug.
Which of the following is an example of an antihyperlipidemic drug?List of Antihyperlipidemic combinations. Which antihyperlipidemic is most effective when given combination with other drugs?Statins can reduce LDL cholesterol levels dramatically (Table 26–3), especially when used in combination with other drugs (Table 26–2). The statins are commonly used because they are effective and well tolerated.
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