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This tutorial takes you through the steps of setting up your own Java Edition server using the default server software that Mojang Studios distributes free of charge. The software may be installed on most operating systems, including Windows, macOS, GNU/Linux and BSD. Show
For more tutorials, see the bottom of this page or the Tutorials page. For more information on Minecraft servers, see the Server page. Notes:
Note: There is also custom server software available, which most large servers use, but these applications are not supported by Mojang Studios. WarningNote Running server software on your computer without a clear understanding of what you are doing may make your system vulnerable to attacks from outside. Since you're about to run your own server, you should be aware of the possible dangers. Running by the instructions below should not put you at any risk, but this is a wiki which everybody is allowed to edit, and we don't know about your system configuration, so we can’t guarantee you'll be 100% out of danger. In order to run your server and stay out of trouble, we highly suggest that you should at least know about the following:
JavaJava is a programming language designed to create programs for the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The JVM supports many different platforms. By doing this, developers write code for the JVM and any platform supported by the JVM can run the program. Further reading. This section is designed to answer some frequently asked questions about Java and guide you through some decisions regarding Java. OpenJDK vs OracleJDKOpenJDK and OracleJDK are very similar. OpenJDK is the official open source reference implementation of Java. OpenJDK is an open source codebase that almost all other JDKs are built on. Excluding packaging, cosmetic and license differences OpenJDK is the same as OracleJDK. Do note that OracleJDK (Oracle's "OTN") builds require a paid subscription for commercial and production purposes. This likely includes running a Minecraft server even if it is non-profit. Oracle does provide its own OpenJDK builds, but they are not packed into an installer format for easy use. JRE vs JDKJRE stand for Java Runtime Environment. JDK stands for Java Development Kit. JRE is a package tool designed to run Java programs. JDK is a package of tools designed to develop Java programs. The JDK comes with the JRE which comes with the JVM. If you have JDK then you have JRE and JVM. Vanilla Minecraft does not need JDK, but plugins may require it. Headless JavaA headless Java installation is a trimmed down version of Java. It does not have a GUI or mouse/keyboard support. Headless Java is frequently used in Servers or other environments where a GUI is not needed. “„— Debian Wiki Common instructionsThe general gist of running a Minecraft server is that you will need to install linprocfs /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 04, run the server, accept the EULA, and run it again. Once you have installed linprocfs /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 04 and opened up a command line, everything is basically the same.
At this point you should have a basic server running. See Configuring the environment for more information about configuring your server. One of the things you definitely want to do is writing a script to launch the server so you don't have to remember the command line. Java optionsJava options should be added between the linprocfs /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 04 and the ln -s /usr/local/linux-sun-jre1.7.0/lib/i386 /compat/linux/usr/lib/java5 on the command line, or in your startup script.
Minecraft optionsOptions for the server JAR go after the /usr/lib/java /usr/lib/java/jli7 part. Run with /usr/lib/java /usr/lib/java/jli8 to see all available arguments that can be passed to the server. Below is a list of available commandline options for the server.
Some options worked in older versions but were removed or replaced by newer ones.
Example command line
Windows instructionsInstalling JavaThe Minecraft server requires the Java Runtime Environment (also called JRE or simply Java). For your security, you should only use the most recent version of Java. To verify that you have the latest version, do one of the following:
If you don't have Java or your version is outdated, then download the newest version at https://adoptopenjdk.net/ (OpenJDK) or http://www.java.com/download/ (Oracle "OTN" JDK) macOS instructionsKeep in mind that the server won't run correctly on macOS 10.4 and earlier and may crash your machine. Installing JavaOpen the terminal.
Setting up the Minecraft serverSee the Common instructions. Using Time CapsuleSome homes use AirPort Time Capsule as a wireless router instead of other brands. This section will teach you how to set one up without messing up your file server. NOTE: Make sure you have your admin username and password.
That's it! You're now ready to configure your server. Linux instructionsLinux comes in many different varieties called distributions (distros). Some of these distros are designed or better suited for running a server. If you are setting up a dedicated server it is recommended to use one of these distros. Linux, in general, is more welcoming to open source programs. So where applicable it is recommended you use open source programs, such as OpenJDK. Installing JavaFor most distributions, it is recommended to install OpenJDK 16 (for 1.17+) or OpenJDK 8 (for below 1.17) from the official repositories. For Oracle Java refer to Oracle's Download Page. Note: While not affecting Minecraft server, JavaFX or other proprietary aspects of Java will need to be installed separately. Specific instructions are included for each distro below, but not all have been updated to 1.17. If it only says to install OpenJDK 8, that means that it has not yet been updated to 1.17. SolusRun docker pull sirplexus/minecraft-server-standalone:latest2 to install OpenJDK. For OracleJDK refer to Solus Help Center Note: OpenJDK 11 is not in Solus' repositories. Debian, Ubuntu, RaspbianNote: You might need to install the package "software-properties-common" by running docker pull sirplexus/minecraft-server-standalone:latest3 and/or "python-software-properties" by running docker pull sirplexus/minecraft-server-standalone:latest4 to use the docker pull sirplexus/minecraft-server-standalone:latest5 command. Due to licensing issues, the repository frequently used to install Oracle Java has been discontinued. It is now recommended that you install OpenJDK 8 or above. OpenJDK can be installed with one command:
Removing the 'headless' part of the command will install all components of Java. Note: <1.17 tested in Ubuntu 18.04, 1.17 tested in Ubuntu Server 20.04.2 LTS openSUSENote: Due to possible instability openSuse Tumbleweed is not recommended as a dedicated server. Just run the command from the terminal: docker pull sirplexus/minecraft-server-standalone:latest8 Java should be installed. Note: Tested in openSuse Leap 15.1 Arch LinuxBoth java 8 and 16 are in arch linux's repostiory. Just run docker pull sirplexus/minecraft-server-standalone:latest9, For the OpenJDK 16 JRE, Remove "-headless" for the full JRE if you want to run with GUI. Just run @ECHO OFF java -Xms1024M -Xmx2048M -jar minecraft_server.jar --nogui pause0, For the OpenJDK 8 JRE, Remove "-headless" for the full JRE if you want to run with GUI. If you encounter issues it is recommended that you refer to the ArchWiki GentooRun @ECHO OFF java -Xms1024M -Xmx2048M -jar minecraft_server.jar --nogui pause1 Gentoo Wiki Other distrosCheck your distro's documentation. It should have information on how to install OpenJDK. Alternatively, you can visit Java's website directly to download the Java package for Linux. Most distros work with this (either 32 or 64-bit). Instructions for the installation of those different packages are given on the site. If during installation, it asks for a password, enter your password. If you get asked "Is this OK [Y/N]" Enter Y and press enter if required. Java should now be installed. A simple installer script (also installs Java)https://github.com/silvertriclops/MCSLI Note: this is a very early project, designed with offline installation in mind, and will be updated periodically to make it more user friendly. FreeBSD instructionsThis section needs to be updated. Please update this section to reflect recent updates or newly available information. This part was tested with FreeBSD 10.0 amd64 and 'jre-7u65-linux-i586.tar.gz' Installing JavaDue to performance and crash issue with OpenJDK and Minecraft server, we will install Oracle JRE made for linux. Before installing this JRE, you have to install the linux binary compatibility on FreeBSD, you can follow this documentation. kldload linprocfs mount -t linprocfs linprocfs /compat/linux/proc and add this line to @ECHO OFF java -Xms1024M -Xmx2048M -jar minecraft_server.jar --nogui pause2: linprocfs /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 0 The Oracle JRE has a dependency marked as forbidden and the installation will fail. Go to @ECHO OFF java -Xms1024M -Xmx2048M -jar minecraft_server.jar --nogui pause3 and in the Makefile remove the line which starts with @ECHO OFF java -Xms1024M -Xmx2048M -jar minecraft_server.jar --nogui pause4. Next you have to manually get the linux tarball due to licence issue (like `jre-7u65-linux-i586.tar.gz') from java official web site and copy the file to @ECHO OFF java -Xms1024M -Xmx2048M -jar minecraft_server.jar --nogui pause5. Then to install the JRE, go to @ECHO OFF java -Xms1024M -Xmx2048M -jar minecraft_server.jar --nogui pause6 and run @ECHO OFF java -Xms1024M -Xmx2048M -jar minecraft_server.jar --nogui pause7. Note: The previous version of this part, tested on FreeBSD 9.2 amd64, was explained like this: You may have to set JRE_UPDATE_VERSION variable in your Makefile to the actual number (e.g. 45 like in this example) and run 'make install NO_CHECKSUM=1'. Try running linprocfs /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 06. You may end up with a message that it cannot find @ECHO OFF java -Xms1024M -Xmx2048M -jar minecraft_server.jar --nogui pause9. One way to fix it is to add your java paths to the search explicitly. Make a symlink: ln -s /usr/local/linux-sun-jre1.7.0/lib/i386 /compat/linux/usr/lib/java And in #!/bin/sh cd "$(dirname "$0")" exec java -Xms1G -Xmx1G -jar server.jar --nogui0 add: /usr/lib/java /usr/lib/java/jli Run #!/bin/sh cd "$(dirname "$0")" exec java -Xms1G -Xmx1G -jar server.jar --nogui1. Now linprocfs /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 06 should work. Launching Minecraft ServerCreate a folder and copy the Minecraft server jar in it. #!/bin/sh cd "$(dirname "$0")" exec java -Xms1G -Xmx1G -jar server.jar --nogui3 if you run the server in the usual way, so we add this line to the command to fix that #!/bin/sh cd "$(dirname "$0")" exec java -Xms1G -Xmx1G -jar server.jar --nogui4. The command to launch is like: java -Xmx1024M -Xms1024M -Djava.nio.channels.spi.SelectorProvider=sun.nio.ch.PollSelectorProvider -jar minecraft_server.1.7.10.jar --nogui
Plan 9alien-convert PATH_TO_YOUR_JRE.deb chmod ~/~ rwx # for current user snarf java -jar PATH_TO_SERVER_JAR.jar xvmf in acme HostmanHostman is an application hosting provider to host apps in the cloud. Minecraft is available as a one-click app package on Hostman. Installation takes about 2 minutes, there's an instruction on how to configure the server and start playing. You can have multiple Minecraft services on one server. Try a free demo here. CloudronCloudron is a platform to self-host apps on your server. Minecraft is available as a one click app on Cloudron. It comes with a web interface to manage Minecraft from the browser. You can also have multiple installations of Minecraft on the same server. You can try a demo here (username: cloudron password: cloudron) DockerDocker is a free container based platform which helps to isolate instances of a Minecraft Server from each-other and from the host system. Docker and the owner of the repository of the container are not affiliated with Mojang. Getting docker (for Linux, Mac & Windows)Read https://docs.docker.com/install/ Docker image
Updating Docker imageFor updating minecraft-server-standalone run docker pull sirplexus/minecraft-server-standalone:latest Docker-Minecraft on Synology diskstationNOTE: This is for self-hosted worlds NOT a standalone. You will need to download a server.jar for the official site. Docker is an "Add-on Packages" on many new Synology Diskstations, and many of them are powerful enough to run at least one Docker Minecraft. Before starting the docker, you need to make a folder containing the version of Minecraft you would like to play (It has to be named "server.jar") and an eula.txt (read about this under "Common instructions"). The way to setup a Minecraft server on a Synology Diskstation is to:
You will now be able to play Minecraft on your Synology Diskstation. The IP address it the IP of the Diskstation and the Port number is assigned undet step 5. Configuring the environmentWriting a script to launch the serverIt's definitely boring to have to remember the command-line options for your server every time you launch it. Luckily, we can write it down in a file and just run that instead. On WindowsThe windows version of a script is called a batch file. Create a text file in the folder where you put the jar as "start.bat", and then right click it to edit using notepad. Paste the following in: @ECHO OFF java -Xms1024M -Xmx2048M -jar minecraft_server.jar --nogui pause Double click the file to start your server. You may get a "Class_Not_Found" and ServerGuiConcole error, just ignore these errors and you should see your "Server Thread/INFO" dialog start the server. The "pause" command is there to keep the window open so you can read what happened after the server stops. On macOS, Linux, and FreeBSDAll these systems use a common scripting language called the "POSIX shell script" on the command line. Create a text file in the folder where you put the jar as "start.sh" and write the following in: #!/bin/sh cd "$(dirname "$0")" exec java -Xms1G -Xmx1G -jar server.jar --nogui Now save the file. Run #!/bin/sh cd "$(dirname "$0")" exec java -Xms1G -Xmx1G -jar server.jar --nogui8 (or path to wherever you put the script) to make it executable. You can now run the file by double-clicking or by running #!/bin/sh cd "$(dirname "$0")" exec java -Xms1G -Xmx1G -jar server.jar --nogui9 in the folder (or using a whole path from outside there). If you want to add a pausing part like the Windows example, remove the [ { "uuid": "", "name": "", "level": 4, "bypassesPlayerLimit": false } ]0 word, and add a line of [ { "uuid": "", "name": "", "level": 4, "bypassesPlayerLimit": false } ]1 to the end. This is useful if you are running the script by double-clicking on the GUI. On Plan 9(I don't use Plan 9, so I have absolutely no idea how to use the rc, psh, acme, snarf magic. Someone please add it.) Startup and maintenance scriptAlternatively, you can manage/automate the startup and shutdown of the Minecraft server using a script such as the ones listed below:
Port forwardingSee also: Wikipedia:Port forwarding Port forwarding is used when you have a router and you wish to let users connect to your server through it. If you wish to host your server for local reasons, it is not required that you do so. Keep in mind that port forwarding might cause security risks. When port forwarding, it varies on how your router will ask you for the information. If you don't understand on how your router wants you to input the information, try visiting PortForward.com for a tutorial. Once you have managed to locate your router's admin page, and find the Port Forwarding page; hit add new service (may not work) (if you use Belkin, this can be very difficult to perform) or custom service. When you get a page asking to setup the new rule, it should prompt you on what you want to call it. You may name it as you wish, but for simplicity, name it "minecraft". Then, you want to look for "type". If "TCP/UDP" or "Both" isn't an option you will have to create two rules for both protocols. For the ports (internal and external), enter 25565. If it asks for anything else other than output IP (or internal IP, server IP), leave it alone and continue. To find your computer's IP address, use the following steps: WindowsPress ⊞ Win + R; this should be up to the "Run" dialog box. Type cmd and hit ↵ Enter. This should open a command window with a black background. From there, type ipconfig and press ↵ Enter. You should be given a list of text. Scroll up to "Wireless LAN" (if using wireless) or "Ethernet" (if using a wired connection), and look at "IPv4 address". To the right of this should be a string of numbers (of the form xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx). Copy this down by right-clicking the window and selecting "Mark", then highlight the area and hit Enter. Don't copy any parentheses or letters.The IP location on OS X MacLocate your way to your desktop. Pull up the apple menu under the logo and scroll down to System Preferences; then select "Network" your IP should be on the lower right as "IP address (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx)". Once you have your IP, copy it down.LinuxEither you use the network diagnose center (depending on distribution), or the terminal with[ { "uuid": "", "name": "", "level": 4, "bypassesPlayerLimit": false } ]2. The output should return all your interfaces. Search for [ { "uuid": "", "name": "", "level": 4, "bypassesPlayerLimit": false } ]3, copy the xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx numbers down.Once you have this IP, enter it in the "Output IP / Server IP" or whatever way it asks for where the service points to.Once you have completed it, find where it says to save/continue/apply. And you have successfully port forwarded. When you run your Minecraft server, you have to leave the Server IP field empty in the server properties.For people to connect to your server, they must use your external IP, which you can find at websites such as IP Chicken. If you don't want to use such IPs, use DynDNS services such as NoIP DynDNS Now it is time to configure and connect. Setting up a VPNNote VPN's can cause issues connecting to Mojang's servers, Minecraft servers, or to the internet. The contents of this section are not supported by Mojang Studios or the Minecraft Wiki. An alternate way to set up a server between you and your friends is to set up a VPN (virtual private network). This method may be deemed unrecommended, and an inconvenience for many users due to the fact that all users who wish to connect to the server must download external software in order to join or create server. An alternative to this method is to port forward. A free software utility that can be used to set up a VPN is Hamachi by LogMeIn. OpenVPN is another (free, open source) alternative that supports most OSes, but is a bit more difficult to configure. Free Radmin VPN is another software with no need to register on the website and no limits per the number of users. The free version of Hamachi allows up to 5 connections (i.e. players). Setting up Hamachi
Setting up Radmin VPNIt is very similar to Hamachi installation.
Configuring the Minecraft server
[ { "uuid": "", "name": "", "level": 4, "bypassesPlayerLimit": false } ]
Connecting to the Minecraft server
IP address notes
Firewalling, NATs and external IP addresses
Local network dedicated serversThis only applies to Classic (v0.30) servers. A common problem for server administrators is the inability to connect to your own server via another machine on your local network. A typical scenario for this is that you have a Classic server running on a dedicated machine, and you have your own machine which you play on. They're both connected to the same router/switch, and have internal IP's with the octets '192.168.x.x'. Normally, connecting via the URL generated for your server will result in an error message claiming that the server is offline. To correct this, you must add a function to the end of your URL, bookmarks, or whatever else you connect by. The function is: ?override=true Previously, (before the 1.8 beta and website update) this was &override=true. This caused much confusion since the change was not announced by Mojang, and wasn't announced on the website applet pages either. Before the update, connecting to your own URL via the website resulted in red text under the applet window saying "If you can't connect, try this link instead." The link returned the same thing, with the &override=true affixed to the end. Note: This situation does not effect Beta servers, and you should be able to connect via an internal or external IP. The SRV recordJava edition since 1.3 also supports using custom ports without requiring the player to type it. This is achieved by using a SRV record (for "service") in the DNS. The SRV record tells Minecraft the actual host and port to use; some DynDNS services and most static DNS services allow you to set it up.[1] To manually verify the SRV record, use (assuming the player-facing domain is "YOUR.DOMAIN.com"): linprocfs /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 00 FAQ (frequently asked questions)Q: I have a problem which is not answered in here! What should I do to? A: Go to the Minecraft Forums and post your problem there. To help you, they need the following information:
And please, if we were able to help you, post where the problem was exactly and what the fix was for that. Other people will appreciate that (and we will be able to get a grip on the common problems)! Q: On a Windows computer, when I double click the batch file it opens a command prompt window, but quickly disappears and the server does not start. A: Right-click your .bat program and hit edit; add a new line and type linprocfs /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 005 save and run the file. If it says invalid path, it is probably due to an incorrect path to java.exe/javaw.exe or your Minecraft server jar file. You may just need to change linprocfs /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 006 to linprocfs /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 007 . Or search your system for java.exe/javaw.exe and adjust the path accordingly. (It's probably under linprocfs /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 008 or linprocfs /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 009.) Also, you must have the offline version of Java installed—not just the Java plug-in for your browser. Q: Whenever I try to get the server up, it says "Failed to bind to port!". A: The most common reason this happens is because you put an IP address in the server-ip field in your server.properties file. If the IP you specify isn't the same as any of your network interfaces, (your wireless or wired IPv4 from ipconfig/ifconfig/ip a) Minecraft will throw the port binding failure message. By leaving it blank, you let it bind to all interfaces. You will then be able to connect using localhost and people on your wired/wireless network (in the same subnet) can connect using the computers/server's (private) IP address. Alternatively, the error can mean that you have tried to use a port that is already in use or that you do not have permission to use (ports < 1024 are privileged and require root/Administrator access to bind to). You can try a different port by changing it in your linprocfs /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 010 file in this line: linprocfs /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 011. Note: You should avoid using the following ports for your server as some ISPs may block these ports for security reasons and you shouldn't be running the Minecraft server as root (in the case of a Linux type OS and ports < 1024):
Generally avoid any port below number 1024, since those ports are generally referred as well-known ports and are registered with the IANA for important services. Q: I tried to run the server with Solaris/OpenSolaris and got the following error: linprocfs /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 01 A: For whatever reason, out of all of the operating systems, only Solaris throws that exception when a thread interrupts a connection. A workaround is to change the default behavior on the command line: linprocfs /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 02 This instructs Java to use an interruptible IO stack instead of the default IO that is sensitive to interrupted threads. Q: When I try to connect to my server this is what it says: linprocfs /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 03 A: This error is usually caused when the server sends an unrecognized function to the client, which may be caused by using unrecognized server software, unbalanced client / server versions or modifications to the client. Q: I cannot break/place any blocks!? A: This is most usually caused by interacting with blocks in a protected area. If you are trying to interact near spawn, most likely it has been protected, by the Minecraft server software; either build away from it or get operator status. Q: My server runs fine, but I cannot connect to it! A: This could be caused by a series of issues. Please post a thread using the template provided above. Q: How do you give a .jar server more ram? A: Change the numbers in the server launch command "-Xmx1G -Xms1G". The -Xms part specifies how much memory the server starts with, and the -Xmx part is the maximum amount of memory the server can use. linprocfs /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 012 = 1GB linprocfs /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 013 = 2GB And so on. Q: Why is the server CPU constantly at full load? A: Some users are experiences full CPU load on the server. This may be caused by the GUI (graphic user interface) window. Run the server with the ln -s /usr/local/linux-sun-jre1.7.0/lib/i386 /compat/linux/usr/lib/java3 option to disable this window. Q: Help! How do you find out your server's IP address? A: Read #Connecting to the Minecraft server Q: I port forwarded and allowed java.exe in my firewall and it's still not working! A: Your modem might be acting as a router as well. If you switch ISP's or upgrade your connection to the Internet, you may get issued a modem/router combination (which might explain why it worked in the past). You can verify this by looking for the WAN IP of your router. If it's a private IP, you'll need to log into the modem/router your ISP issued to you, and configure port forwarding to the WAN IP of your router. Q: I turned off my firewall on my router/modem how does it still not work???!!! However, port forwarding sites report they can "see" me?? What's going on???!! A: Turning off your firewall on your router/modem means you essentially disabled port forwarding. Port forwarding is actually a subset of firewall rules. If no rule exists on that port (for example 25565), the firewall will ignore/drop the connection attempt (hence, you get a connection timed out). If there is a rule, it should pass on the connection to whatever computer is configured to receive the initial connection attempt. When you disable the router/modem firewall and test your public (non RFC 1918) IP address on a port forwarding-checking website, the website will hit your router/modem, and your router/modem will respond, yes you can see me. This is another reason why disabling your firewall is bad; you incorrectly believe that people outside your network can connect to your Minecraft Server on your computer, when really, they're trying to connect to the router/modem itself. To solve this, the next step is to confirm if your port forwarding (rules) are correct. By Google-ing "minecraft server checker" you'll be able to check if you configured your network correctly such that users outside your network running the Minecraft client can indeed connect to your computer through your router/modem. Note: You may need to be careful about the Minecraft Query - It may use layer 4, the transport layer - UDP to query your server. Many Internet and Youtube guides will only tell you to port forward TCP (this guide outlines that you do both). Q: What is connection timed out and connection refused? A: Simply put, connection timed out is when a firewall ignores a connection attempt (ignores the intial connection packet with the SYN flag in the 3-way handshake). Connection refused is when there's no process listening on the port; therefore, the operating system lets the client (in the standard client-server model) know their connection attempt did not work. The default configuration on all Windows computers (the home version) and (just about) all (SOHO) routers is to drop or time out the connections. This is called "stealth mode" and you can read more about it on superuser. Here's a brief summary: "The idea is that refusing a connection instead of timing it out will tell an attacker that there actually is a computer on that IP-Address. With the connection attempt timing out, the hope is that the attacker will ignore the computer." You can read more about connection refused on serverfault. So if your error message is a connection timed out, it's usually a firewall problem - you either need to allow Java in the Windows firewall or port forward. If the error message is a connection refused, perhaps your Minecraft server has not started properly or you turned off the firewall on your router instead of port forwarding. As always, you can always ask the Minecraft Forum if you are uneasy or unsure about something, particularly if opening the command prompt/terminal and running commands makes you nervous. Connection filtered and connection closed is another way of saying timed out and refused, respectively. Video/Alternative TutorialsHere are some other tutorials on how to set up a Minecraft server:
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