Which leukocytes would the nurse include when teaching about antibody-mediated immunity
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Chapter13:AlteredImmuneResponsesandTransplantation TestBank MULTIPLECHOICE 1.ThenurseprovidesdischargeinstructionstoapatientwhohasanimmunedeficiencyinvolvingtheT lymphocytes.Whichscreeningshouldthenurseincludeintheteachingplanforthispatient? a.Screeningforallergies b.Screeningformalignancy c.Antibodydeficiencyscreening d. Screeningforautoimmunedisorders ANS:B Cell-mediatedimmunityisresponsiblefortherecognitionanddestructionofcancercells.Allergicreactions, autoimmunedisorders,andantibodydeficienciesaremediatedprimarilybyBlymphocytesandhumoral immunity. DIF:CognitiveLevel:Apply(application)REF:196 TOP:NursingProcess:ImplementationMSC:NCLEX:HealthPromotionandMaintenance 2.Anewmotherexpressesconcernaboutherbabydevelopingallergiesandaskswhatthehealthcareprovider meantbypassiveimmunity.Whichexampleshouldthenurseusetoexplainthistypeofimmunity? a.Earlyimmunization b.Bonemarrowdonation c.Breastfeedingherinfant d.Exposuretocommunicablediseases ANS:C Colostrumprovidespassiveimmunitythroughantibodiesfromthemother.Theseantibodiesprotecttheinfant forafewmonths.However,memorycellsarenotretained,sotheprotectionisnotpermanent.Active immunityisacquiredbybeingimmunizedwithvaccinationsorhavinganinfection.Itrequiresthattheinfant hasanimmuneresponseafterexposuretoanantigen.Cell-mediatedimmunityisacquiredthroughT lymphocytesandisaformofactiveimmunity. DIF:CognitiveLevel:Apply(application)REF:196 TOP:NursingProcess:ImplementationMSC:NCLEX:PhysiologicalIntegrity 3.Apatientisbeingevaluatedforpossibleatopicdermatitis.Thenurseexpectselevationofwhichlaboratory value? TestBank-Medical-SurgicalNursing:AssessmentandManagementofClinicalProblems10e105 Microorganisms exist everywhere: in water, in soil, and on body surfaces such as the skin, intestinal tract, and other areas open to the outside such as our mouth, upper respiratory tract, vagina, and lower urinary tract. many organisms are harmless, others are lethal, some are a normal part of our body. As such, the ones directly involved in providing a biologically safe environment are none other than the nurses. Learn about infection control in this guide for nurses. What is Infection?Infection is the growth of microorganisms in body tissue where they are not usually found.
Types of MicroorganismsFour major categories of microorganisms cause infection in humans: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
Types of InfectionInfection occurs when newly introduced or resident microorganisms succeed in invading a part of the body where the host’s defense mechanisms are ineffective and the pathogen causes tissue damage.
Nosocomial and Health-related InfectionsNosocomial infections are classified as infections that originate in the hospital, and is a subgroup of health care associated infections or HAIs.
Chain of InfectionThe chain of infection is made up of six links:
Defenses Against InfectionIndividuals have defenses that protect the body from infection; they are categorized as specific and non specific defenses. Nonspecific DefensesNonspecific defenses protect the person against all microorganisms, regardless of prior exposure; they include anatomic and physiologic barriers and the inflammatory response. Anatomic and Physiologic Barriers
Inflammatory ResponseInflammation is a local and nonspecific defensive response of the tissue to an injurious or infectious agent; it is an adaptive mechanism that destroys or dilutes the injurious agent, prevents further spread of the injury, and promotes the repair of damaged tissue.
Specific DefensesSpecific defenses of the body involve the immune system; the immunes response has two components: antibody-mediated defenses and cellular-mediated defenses. Antibody-Mediated DefensesAnother name for the antibody-mediated defenses is humoral (or circulating) immunity because these defenses reside ultimately in the B lymphocytes and are mediated by antibodies produced by B cells.
Cell-Mediated DefensesThe cell-mediated defenses, or cellular immunity, occur through the T-cell system.
Nursing ManagementNursing management for infection control include the following: Nursing AssessmentThe nurse obtains the client’s history, conducts physical assessment, and gathers laboratory data.
Nursing DiagnosisBased on the assessment data, the most appropriate nursing diagnosis are:
Nursing Care Planning and GoalsThe major goals are:
ImplementationThe nurse prevents strategies to prevent infection.
Infection Prevention and ControlBecause it is not always possible to know which clients may have infectious organisms, a set of guidelines has been established by the CDC and other organizations outlining steps all healthcare workers must follow to reduce the chances that organisms in blood and potentially infectious organisms from other body tissues will be transmitted from the client to other individuals. Standard PrecautionsStandard precautions are used in the care of all hospitalized individuals regardless of their diagnosis possible infection status.
Transmission-based PrecautionsTransmission-based precautions are used in addition to standard precautions for clients with known or suspected infections that are spread in one of three ways: by airborne or droplet transmission, or by contact. Airborne PrecautionsUse standard precautions as well as the following:
Droplet PrecautionsUse standard precautions as well as the following:
Contact PrecautionsUse standard precautions as well as the following:
Personal Protective EquipmentAll healthcare providers must apply PPE according to the risk of exposure to potentially infective materials. Gloves
Gowns
Face Masks
Eye Wear
Sterile TechniqueAn object is sterile only when it is free of all microorganisms.
Principles of Surgical Asepsis
References
Which WBC types are involved in the development of antibody mediated immunity?Adaptive immune responses are carried out by white blood cells called lymphocytes. There are two broad classes of such responses—antibody responses and cell-mediated immune responses, and they are carried out by different classes of lymphocytes, called B cells and T cells, respectively.
When describing cellTerms in this set (65) When describing cell-mediated immunity, a nurse would explain that this type of immunity depends on which response or action? Explanation: Cell-mediated immunity depends on the actions of T lymphocytes.
What type of immunity results from the administration of immune globulins or Antivenins?Passive immunity occurs when immune globulins or antivenins are administered. This type of immunity provides the individual with ready-made antibodies from another human or an animal (see Fig. 49.1).
Which immune preparation contains antibodies that provide passive immunity?A vaccine may also confer passive immunity by providing antibodies or lymphocytes already made by an animal or human donor. Vaccines are usually administered by injection (parenteral administration), but some are given orally or even nasally (in the case of flu vaccine).
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