Which statements are true of concrete and abstract messages? select all that apply.
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Revised Bloom's TaxonomyA group of cognitive psychologists, curriculum theorists and instructional researchers, and testing and assessment specialists published in 2001 a revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy with the title A Taxonomy for Teaching, Learning, and Assessment. This title draws attention away from the somewhat static notion of “educational objectives” (in Bloom’s original title) and points to a more dynamic conception of classification. OverviewThe authors of the revised taxonomy underscore this dynamism, using verbs and gerunds to label their categories and subcategories (rather than the nouns of the original taxonomy). These “action words” describe the cognitive processes by which thinkers encounter and work with knowledge. A statement of a learning objective contains a verb (an action) and an object (usually a noun).
The cognitive process dimension represents a continuum of increasing cognitive complexity—from remember to create. Anderson and Krathwohl identify 19 specific cognitive processes that further clarify the bounds of the six categories (Table 1). Table 1. The Cognitive Process Dimension – categories, cognitive processes (and alternative names) Rememberrecognizing (identifying) recalling (retrieving) Understandinterpreting (clarifying, paraphrasing, representing, translating) exemplifying (illustrating, instantiating) classifying (categorizing, subsuming) summarizing (abstracting, generalizing) inferring (concluding, extrapolating, interpolating, predicting) comparing (contrasting, mapping, matching) explaining (constructing models) Applyexecuting (carrying out) implementing (using) Analyzedifferentiating (discriminating, distinguishing, focusing, selecting) organizing (finding, coherence, integrating, outlining, parsing, structuring) attributing (deconstructing) Evaluatechecking (coordinating, detecting, monitoring, testing) critiquing (judging) Creategenerating (hypothesizing) planning (designing) producing (construct) The knowledge dimension represents a range from concrete (factual) to abstract (metacognitive) (Table 2). Representation of the knowledge dimension as a number of discrete steps can be a bit misleading. For example, all procedural knowledge may not be more abstract than all conceptual knowledge. And metacognitive knowledge is a special case. In this model, “metacognitive knowledge is knowledge of [one’s own] cognition and about oneself in relation to various subject matters . . . ” (Anderson and Krathwohl, 2001, p. 44). Table 2. The Knowledge Dimension Factual
Conceptual
Procedural
Metacognitive
Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy Model (Responsive)Note: These are learning objectives – not learning activities. It may be useful to think of preceding each objective with something like, “students will be able to…: The Knowledge DimensionFactualThe basic elements a student must know to be acquainted with a discipline or solve problems in it. The Knowledge DimensionConceptualThe interrelationships among the basic elements within a larger structure that enable them to function together. The Knowledge DimensionProceduralHow to do something, methods of inquiry, and criteria for using skills, algorithms, techniques, and methods. The Knowledge DimensionMetacognitiveKnowledge of cognition in general as well as awareness and knowledge of one’s own cognition The Cognitive Process DimensionRememberRetrieve relevant knowledge from long-term memory. List primary and secondary colors. Recognize symptoms of exhaustion. Recall how to perform CPR. Identify strategies for retaining information. The Cognitive Process DimensionUnderstandConstruct meaning from instructional messages, including oral, written and graphic communication. Summarize features of a new product. Classify adhesives by toxicity. Clarify assembly instructions. Understand + Metacognitive Predict one’s response to culture shock. The Cognitive Process DimensionApplyCarry out or use a procedure in a given situation. Respond to frequently asked questions. Provide advice to novices. Carry out pH tests of water samples. Use techniques that match one's strengths. The Cognitive Process DimensionAnalyzeBreak material into foundational parts and determine how parts relate to one another and the overall structure or purpose Select the most complete list of activities. Differentiate high and low culture. Integrate compliance with regulations. Deconstruct one's biases. The Cognitive Process DimensionEvaluateMake judgments based on criteria and standards. Check for consistency among sources. Determine relevance of results. Judge efficiency of sampling techniques. Reflect on one's progress. The Cognitive Process DimensionCreatePut elements together to form a coherent whole; reorganize into a new pattern or structure. Generate a log of daily activities. Assemble a team of experts. Design efficient project workflow. Create a learning portfolio. Recommended resources
*Anderson, L.W. (Ed.), Krathwohl, D.R. (Ed.), Airasian, P.W., Cruikshank, K.A., Mayer, R.E., Pintrich, P.R., Raths, J., & Wittrock, M.C. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives (Complete edition). New York: Longman. Which of the following statements is true of empathy?The correct answer is 2 only. Empathy is the ability of the person to understand the feelings of others. It is something like putting yourself in the shoes of others. It allows the person to feel and understand the emotions that other is experiencing.
Which of the following are nontherapeutic techniques?Nontherapeutic ways of communicating. Attacking and depending. -Getting angry or arguing with the patient. ... . Casting judgement. -Judging or criticizing the patient. ... . Interrogating (or demanding) -Asking the patient "why" questions. ... . Minimizing. -Not listening. ... . Giving advice. -Giving advice. ... . Pressuring. ... . Running off at the mouth. ... . Rushing.. Which of the following is not included in the process recording of an interaction between the nurse and the client?A process recording does not include a plan of care, the development of nursing diagnoses, or teaching about communication from the student to the client. A psychiatric-mental health nurse is interacting with a client.
Which zone is a distance that is comfortable between family and friends who are talking?There is a well-defined “inner” zone of 18-24 inches where mostly close friends, spouses, and well-known other US-Americans comfortably interact, and an “outer” zone between two to four feet where most friendly conversation and easy social interaction takes place.
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