Which vowel sound is produced when the tongue is high?
|
Below, you will see two diagrams. The diagram on the left shows the a side-view of the human oral cavity. The diagram below is called a vowel chart. The trapezoidal shape of the chart represents the side-view your mouth. Vowel charts can be extremely useful when learning the vowels of a foreign language. But they
will mean nothing to you unless you are able to develop a strong awareness of your mouth. When air leaves your mouth
unobstructed, the position of your tongue influences the sounds that come out. A vowel chart is a visual representation of where your tongue is while articulating a vowel. As you’ll soon see, the location of vowel on the chart matches where the tongue position is supposed to be. Further, there are only two dimensions of movement that affect the sound of a vowel: In phonetics,
we call these two dimensions Vowel Height and Vowel Backness. Check out this quick video for a short explanation: Vowel Height
Use the vowel chart to alternate back and forth between the /a/ and /u/ vowels as I do in the audio below and try to develop an awareness of height change. Be sure to keep your lower jaw completely still so that it forces you to isolate just your tongue.
Vowel Backness
Use the vowel chart to alternate back and forth between the /i/ and /u/ vowels as I do in the audio below, and try to develop an awareness of backness.
Vowel TuningEvery language has its own set of vowels, and each of these vowels has its own tongue position. When you learn a new language, you will need to tune your articulation to a new set of vowels. This can be challenging for adults since we develop strong hearing and speaking habits in our own native language. But this is where vowel charts come in handy. Once you know where the target-language vowel is in relation to your closest native-language vowel on the chart, you can see the direction you need to move your tongue for the correct sound. Take the Spanish /o/ vowel for example. As you can see from the chart below, the Spanish /o/ is more open than the English /o/, but still not as open as the /ɔ/ sound from the English word “awe”. So as a native English speaker, I know that I must move tongue slightly down from the /o/ vowel, but not so much that I start making an /ɔ/ sound:
This difference between English /o/ and Spanish /o̞/ is more a question of speaking with an authentic accent. Whether you change it or not, a Spanish speaker will understand you either way. Vowel tuning is also extremely important for differentiating words in a foreign language. For example, a Spanish speaker learning English will have a difficult time hearing and saying the English /ɪ/ vowel from words like “sit” and “chick.” Instead, they would hear and articulate the /i/ sound – the closest vowel in Spanish – and say the words “seat” and “cheek.” A quick look at the vowel chart shows that the Native Spanish speaker would have to lower his tongue and OPEN his /i/ vowel to get the /ɪ/ vowel.
It’s important to note that at first, you will NOT be able to accurately perceive foreign sounds. During your childhood, you started to lose sensitivity to sounds that were not relevant to your native language. As a result, foreign sounds get absorbed into the sounds you are already familiar with, the way the /ɪ/ vowel gets absorbed into the /i/ for adult native Spanish speakers. The good news: you CAN learn to hear and speak these new sounds with practice. Don’t ever let anyone convince you otherwise. I often hear people make arguments about how adults can’t learn new things. It’s easy to believe that when you start learning something new. And it’s easy to believe that when you’re stuck at the steepest part of the learning curve. There’s no doubt that forcing your brain open to hear new sounds can be challenging, so we have to be clever about it. The ability to use a vowel chart and adjust your tongue position is a huge help in this process, but ultimately it’s just a means to an end. It’s not enough to know where a vowel is in theory, you gotta really feel it. When it comes to vowel tuning, the way to feel it is through musical rhymes… What vowels are high?High vowel. High: [i], [y], [ɨ], [ʉ], [ɯ], [u]. Near close: [ɪ], [ʏ], [ɪ̈], [ʊ̈], [ʊ]. What is tongue position in vowel?The tongue is highest in the vowels in heed and who'd, which are therefore called high, or close, vowels, and lowest in the vowels in had and hod, which are called low, or open, vowels. The height of the tongue for the vowels in the other words is between these two extremes, and they are therefore called midvowels.
Which part of the tongue is raised during the production of vowel u?A back vowel—e.g., the u in “rule” and the o in “pole”—is produced with the back part of the tongue raised toward the soft palate (velum). The shape and position of the lips yields a third articulatory dimension by which vowels are classified.
Which vowels are produced with a relatively constant tongue position?Monophthongs: Monophthongs are vowels that are produced by a relatively stable tongue position. Monophthongs can be divided into two categories according to their duration. These are long and short vowels and their duration is mirrored in their names.
|
