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What is Strategic Sourcing?
Strategic sourcing is a crucial phase in the procurement lifecycle. It improves time and cost management by re-evaluating the purchasing activities of the organization.
In the services industry, strategic sourcing refers to a service solution, sometimes called a strategic partnership, which is specifically customized to meet the client's individual needs.
Understanding Strategic Sourcing
Strategic sourcing can be customized to meet a customer’s specific needs, but its primary goal is to leverage a single, integrated system to enhance profitability.
Strategic sourcing best practices improve business performance and efficiency by digitizing documents, participating in a digital business network, and automating workflows. The process can be broken down into four steps:
- Data collection and spend analysis: Spend analysis concentrates supplier data into one source, letting organizations know exactly what’s being spent where and presenting the opportunity to streamline vendors.
- Supplier discovery and RFx: Sourcing becomes a strategic advantage when organizations can access supplier data through a digital business network, allowing them to request RFPs and have suppliers compete for their business.
- Negotiations and contracting: Automated tools can speed workflows, simplify the digital signature process, and create an electronic repository of contracts where organizations can set renewal alerts.
- Implementation and optimization: When sourcing is automated and digitized, organizations can move faster, build in feedback loops for continual optimization, and constantly evaluate suppliers to make sure they're getting the best sourcing agreements possible.
7-Step Process to Effectively Implement Strategic Sourcing in your Organization
Understanding the advantages of strategic sourcing brings us to designing a process to implement strategic sourcing in an organization. While a single strategy might not match the specifications and requirements of every organization, we can outline a basic structure that can guide the strategic sourcing process:
1. Identification and Categorization of Spend Profiles
To initiate the strategic sourcing process, identify the spend areas existent across all the business areas in the organization and categorize them based on how critical/non-critical the spend area is. Categorization will help prioritize the sourcing activities for each spend area.
If required, other categorization criteria that better suit the business requirements can also be developed [e.g., domestic/international spend, direct/indirect spend]. In such cases, it is essential to do a risk analysis of the chosen spend categories to help prioritize and develop strategies.
2. Building a Sourcing Strategy
The second step includes building a strategy on how each categorized to spend area will be approached. This involves identifying the requirements of the business units that necessitate spending and defining goals, objectives, and corresponding timelines to fulfill the requirements. This also necessitates building a communication workflow so that all stakeholders relevant to the respective sourcing projects have clear visibility of upcoming updates.
3. Analysis of the Supplier Market
The third step is to analyze the current and future suppliers in-depth to understand and evaluate relevant supplier profiles. This includes analyzing suppliers’ revenue or market share to understand their market standing and industrial performance, along with the risks and opportunities surrounding the supplier market.
4. Request for Supplier Information and Identification of Selection Criteria
Once the supplier market research is completed, the fourth step is to request RFIs/RFPs/RFQs from suppliers. It is essential to communicate the exact requirements of the organization and the end-goals and performance expectations so that the suppliers have a clear understanding of what the organization needs. This is important so that they provide an accurate roadmap and develop strategies to fulfill the business’s objectives.
The submitted information will provide insightful data—the pricing structure, delivery and warranty provisions, product/service specifications, etc. After collating the submitted data, the selection criteria can be identified for supplier selection.
5. Selection of Suppliers and Execution of Contracting Process
After the selection criteria are identified, the fifth step is choosing the suppliers that can offer the highest level of cost savings and deliver quality. After supplier selection for the relevant spend areas, the contracting process starts to onboard the suppliers.
6. Measurement and Periodic Tracking of Supplier Performance
The process of strategic sourcing doesn’t end at choosing a supplier. Instead, the sixth step is to effectively measure how suppliers perform vis-à-vis the requirements and objectives of the organization. Therefore, it is vital to engage in periodic tracking of supplier performance and identify areas for improvement. This can significantly help organizations understand supplier risks and design strategies to mitigate all possible supply chain disruptions.
7. Implementation of Supplier Relationship Management [SRM]
The seventh step is factoring in Supplier Relationship Management [SRM] in the strategic sourcing process, making the relationship between the organization and suppliers a loop instead of a one-way function. SRM enhances collaboration between an organization and its suppliers by transforming a mere customer-buyer relationship into strategic value partners. Both parties participate in building propositions and innovative strategies that optimize the sourcing needs of the organization. The relationships arising from such synergized collaboration are long-term and can be leveraged to improve supplier performance further. In addition, more than just being the final step in the strategic sourcing process, SRM links suppliers and organizations so that both current and future requirements are met in the most efficient and value-maximizing manner.