[a] consists of related technologies that try to simulate and reproduce human thought behavior, including thinking, speaking, feeling, and reasoning. Artificial intelligence [AI]
Artificial intelligence [AI] technologies apply computers to areas that require knowledge, perception, reasoning, understanding, and cognitive abilities.
[a] are networks that learn and are capable of performing tasks that are difficult with conventional computers, such as playing chess, recognizing patterns in faces and objects, and filtering spam e-mail.
Artificial neural networks [ANNs]
[a] mimic human expertise in a particular field to solve a problem in a well-defined area.
[a] allows a smooth, gradual transition between human and computer vocabularies and deals with variations in linguistic terms by using a degree of membership.
are software capable of reasoning and following rule-based processes; they are becoming more popular, especially in e-commerce.
A [a], similar to a DBMS, is used to keep the knowledge base updated, with changes to facts, figures, and rules.
knowledge base management system [KBMS]
[a] is a process and procedure by which knowledge is gained through experience. In other words, computers learn without being explicitly programmed.
[a] usually track and report on computer equipment and network systems to predict when a system crash or failure might occur.
Monitoring and surveillance agents
[a] perform specific tasks for a user, such as remembering information for filling out Web forms or completing e-mail addresses after the first few characters are typed.
[a] are one of the most successful applications of AI. They perform well at simple, repetitive tasks and can be used to free workers from tedious or hazardous jobs.
[a] help users navigate through the vast resources available on the Web and provide better results in finding information. These agents can navigate the Web much faster than humans and gather more consistent, detailed information. They can serve as search engines, site reminders, or personal surfing assistants.
Shopping and information agents
In [a], the expert system starts with the goal--the "then" part--and backtracks to find the right solution.
[a] is a problem-solving technique that matches a new case [problem] with a previously solved case and its solution, both stored in a database. After searching for a match, the CBR system offers a solution; if no match is found, even after supplying more information, the human expert must solve the problem.
case-based reasoning [CBR]
[a] refers to a computing environment that is always present, can feel our surroundings, and--based on who we are, where we are, and whom we are with--offer recommendations.
An [a] performs tasks similar to what a human expert does by explaining to end users how recommendations are derived.
In [a], a series of "if-then-else" condition pairs is performed.
[a] are search algorithms that mimic the process of natural evolution. They are used to generate solutions to optimization and search problems using such techniques as mutation, selection, crossover, and chromosome.
An [a] is similar to the model base component of a decision support system. By using different techniques, such as forward and backward chaining, it manipulates a series of rules.
A [a] is a software package with manual or automated methods for acquiring and incorporating new rules and facts so the expert system is capable of growth.
knowledge acquisition facility
A [a] is similar to a database, but in addition to storing facts and figures it keeps track of rules and explanations associated with facts.
[a] was developed so users could communicate with computers in human language. NLP systems usually perform two types of activities. The first is interfacing: accepting human language as input, carrying out the corresponding command, generating the necessary output. The second is knowledge acquisition: using the computer to read large amounts of text and understanding information well enough to summarize important points and store information so the system can respond to inquiries about the context.
natural-language processing [NLP]
[a] is the specific subfield of robotics dealing with constructing robots from highly compliant materials such as elastomer.
Decision makers use information technologies in the following types of decision-making analyses:
1. What-is--used in transaction-processing systems and management information systems
2. What-if--used in decision support systems to monitor effect of change in one or more variables
A sophisticated intelligent agent has the following characteristics:
1. Adaptability
2. Autonomy
3. Collaborative behavior
4. Humanlike interface
5. Mobility
6. Reactivity
In a GA [Genetic Algorithm] system, the following techniques are used:
1. Selection or survival of the fittest--Gives preference or a higher weight to better outcomes
2. Crossover--Combines good portions of different outcomes to achieve a better outcome
3. Mutation--Tries combinations of different inputs randomly and evaluates
the results
4. Chromosome--A set of parameter that defines a proposed solution to the problem the GA is trying to solve. It is usually represented as a simply string [sequence of characters]
Expert systems are used in the following areas:
1. Airline industry
2. Forensics lab work
3.
Banking and finance
4. Education
5. Food industry
6. Personnel management
7. Security
8. U.S. government
9. Agriculture
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QUESTION 1
Artificial neural networks [ANNs] are networks that learn and are capable of performing tasks that are difficult with conventional computers, such as playing chess, recognizing patterns in faces and objects, and filtering spam e-mail.
True
False
QUESTION 2
___________ agents work with a data warehouse, detecting trends and discovering new information and relationships among data items that were not readily apparent.
QUESTION 3
_________ allows a smooth, gradual transition between human and computer vocabularies and deals with variations in linguistic terms by using a degree of membership.
QUESTION 4
_____________ are software capable of reasoning and following rule-based processes; they are becoming more popular, especially in e-commerce.
QUESTION 5
_________________ technologies apply computers to areas that require knowledge, perception, reasoning, understanding, and cognitive abilities.
QUESTION 6
AI consists of related technologies that try to simulate and reproduce human thought behavior, including thinking, speaking, feeling, and reasoning.
QUESTION 7
_____________ is a process and procedure by which knowledge is gained through experience. In other words, computers learn without being explicitly programmed.
QUESTION 8
___________ mimic human expertise in a particular field to solve a problem in a well-defined area.
QUESTION 9
Monitoring and surveillance agents usually track and report on computer equipment and network systems to predict when a system crash or failure might occur.
QUESTION 10
A knowledge base management system [KBMS], similar to a DBMS, is used to keep the knowledge base updated, with changes to facts, figures, and rules.
QUESTION 11
A[n] ___________ is similar to the model base component of a decision support system. By using different techniques, such as forward and backward chaining, it manipulates a series of rules.
QUESTION 12
___________ perform specific tasks for a user, such as remembering information for filling out Web forms or completing e-mail addresses after the first few characters are typed.
QUESTION 13
___________________ is a problem-solving technique that matches a new case [problem] with a previously solved case and its solution, both stored in a database. After searching for a match, the CBR system offers a solution; if no match is found, even after supplying more information, the human expert must solve the problem.
QUESTION 14
In ____________, the expert system starts with the goal—the “then” part—and backtracks to find the right solution.
QUESTION 15
A[n] _________________ performs tasks similar to what a human expert does by explaining to end users how recommendations are derived.
QUESTION 16
A[n] _______________ facility is a software package with manual or automated methods for acquiring and incorporating new rules and facts so the expert system is capable of growth.
QUESTION 17
A _______________ is similar to a database, but in addition to storing facts and figures it keeps track of rules and explanations associated with facts.
QUESTION 18
________________ refers to a computing environment that is always present, can feel our surroundings, and—based on who we are, where we are, and whom we are with—offer recommendations.
QUESTION 19
_____________________ was developed so users could communicate with computers in human language.
Natural-language processing
QUESTION 20
______________ are search algorithms that mimic the process of natural evolution. They are used to generate solutions to optimization and search problems using such techniques as mutation, selection, crossover, and chromosome.
QUESTION 21
________ are one of the most successful applications of AI. They perform well at simple, repetitive tasks and can be used to free workers from tedious or hazardous jobs.
QUESTION 22
In ___________, a series of “if-then-else” condition pairs is performed.
QUESTION 23
Shopping and information agents help users navigate through the vast resources available on the Web and provide better results in finding information.
QUESTION 24
Soft Robotics is the specific subfield of robotics dealing with constructing robots from highly compliant materials such as iron.