Community Assessment 2
Types: Steps: Preparatory Phase Implementation Phase Evaluation Phase 2 Ways of
Assigning People Components Types of Vital Statistics 1. Crude Birth Rate
Types of Community AssessmentCommunity Diagnosis Comprehensive Community Diagnosis
Problem-Oriented Community Diagnosis
Vital Statistics
Fertility Rate
Total # of livebirths in a given calendar year X 1000
Estimated population as of July 1 of the same given year
2. General Fertility Rate
Total # of livebirths in a given calendar year X 1000
Total number of reproductive age
Mortality Rate
1. Crude Death Rate
_Total # of death in a given calendar year_
X 1000
Estimated population as of July 1 of the same calendar year
2. Infant Mortality Rate
Total # of death below 1 yr in a given calendar year X 1000
Estimated population as of July 1 of the same calendar year
3. Maternal Mortality Rate
Total # of death among all maternal
cases in a given calendar year X 1000
Estimated population as of July 1 of the same calendar year
Morbidity Rate
1. Prevalence Rate
Total # of new & old cases in a given calendar year X 100
Estimated population as of July 1 of the same calendar year
2. Incidence Rate
Total # of new cases in a given calendar year_ X 100
Estimated population as of July 1 of the same calendar year
3. Attack Rate
Total # of person who are exposed to the disease
X 100
Estimated population as of July 1 of the same calendar year
- the study of distribution of disease or physiologic condition among human population s and the factors affecting such distribution
- the study of the occurrence and distribution of health conditions such as disease, death, deformities or disabilities on human populations
1. Patterns of disease occurrence
Epidemic
- A situation when there is a high incidence of new cases of a specific disease in excess of the expected.
- when the proportion of the susceptible are high compared to the proportion of the immunes
Epidemic potential
- an area becomes vulnerable to a disease upsurge due to causal factors such as climatic changes, ecologic changes, or socio-economic changes
Endemic
- habitual presence of a disease in a given geographic location accounting for the low number of both immunes and susceptibles.E.g. Malaria is a disease endemic at Palawan.
- The causative factor of the disease is constantly available or present to the area.
Sporadic
- disease occurs every now and then affecting only a small number of people relative to the total population
- intermittent
Pandemic
- global occurrence of a disease
Steps in Epidemiological Investigation:
- Establish fact of presence of epidemic
- Establish time and space relationship of the disease
- Relate to characteristics of the group in the community
- Correlate all data obtained
2. Role of the Nurse
- Case Finding
- Health Teaching
- Counseling
- Follow up visit
Reference:
Ms Ma. Adelaida Morong, Far Eastern University- Institute of Nursing
In-House Nursing Review