How do sociologists define intergenerational mobility?

Abstract

When economists are concerned with the inheritance of inequality, they typically focus on the intergenerational transmission of income or wealth. In contrast, sociologists are more likely to analyze intergenerational mobility between [and immobility in] different class positions.

Citation

Erikson, Robert, and John H. Goldthorpe. 2002. "Intergenerational Inequality: A Sociological Perspective." Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16 [3]: 31-44. DOI: 10.1257/089533002760278695

JEL Classification

  • D31 Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
  • J62 Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility; Promotion

Abstract

Intergenerational mobility—the association between parents’ and adult children’s economic wellbeing—is an important sociological concept because it provides information about inequality of opportunity in society, and it has gained relevance in the recent past due to the increase economic inequality in most of the affluent world. This article provides an overview of the different measures of mobility used by sociologists and economists, as well as main empirical findings about mobility. I then move to topics that push mobility analysis beyond its bivariate focus: The association between intergenerational mobility and economic inequality, the mechanisms for mobility, and the validity of mobility as a measure of inequality of opportunity. I suggest that the association between mobility and inequality is likely spurious, driven by varying institutional arrangements across countries, and that mobility analysis is most useful when focused on describing the bivariate intergenerational association across countries and over time. La mobilité intergénérationnelle – l’association entre le bien-être économique des parents et celui de leurs enfants devenus adultes – est un concept sociologique important dans la mesure où il fournit une information sur l’inégalité des chances en société. Il fait depuis peu l’objet d’une attention croissante en raison de l’augmentation des inégalités économiques dans le monde riche. Cet article présente les différentes mesures de mobilité utilisées par les sociologues et les économistes, ainsi que leurs principaux résultats de recherche. J’en viens ensuite à des sujets qui poussent l’étude de mobilité au delà de son approche bivariée traditionnelle : l’association entre la mobilité intergénérationnelle et l’inégalité économique, les mécanismes de mobilité, et la validité de la mobilité comme mesure de l’inégalité des chances. Je suggère dans cet article que l’association entre mobilité et inégalité est probablement fallacieuse, influencée par des arrangements institutionnels variables d’un pays à un autre, et que l’analyse de mobilité est la plus utile lorsqu’elle se concentre sur la description de l’association intergénérationnelle bivariée entre les pays et dans le temps. Die Generationenmobilität – eine Verbindung aus wirtschaftlichem Wohlergehen der Eltern und jener der erwachsenen Kinder – ist ein wichtiges soziologisches Konzept, das über die gesellschaftliche Chancenungleichheit informiert. Aufgrund der zunehmenden wirtschaftlichen Ungleichheiten in reichen Ländern steigt das Interesse für dieses Konzept. Dieser Beitrag stellt die verschiedenen Mobilitätsmaßnahmen vor, die von Soziologen und Wirtschaftswissenschaftlern benutzt werden, sowie deren wichtigsten Forschungsergebnisse. In der Folge werde ich Mobilitätsstudien vorstellen, die über ihren ursprünglichen bivariaten Ansatz hinausgehen: die Verbindung aus Generationsmobilität und wirtschaftlicher Ungleichheit, Mobilitätsmechanismen und Bedeutung der Mobilität als Maßeinheit für Chancenungleichheit. Ich behaupte, dass es sich wahrscheinlich um eine Scheinverbindung zwischen Mobilität und Ungleichheit handelt, beeinflusst durch institutionelle Vereinbarungen, die von Land zu Land unterschiedlich sind, und dass die Mobilitätsanalyse am besten greift, wenn sie auf die sowohl länder- als auch zeitübergreifende Beschreibung der intergenerationellen, bivariaten Verbindung ausgerichtet ist.

Journal Information

The European Journal of Sociology publishes innovative, empirical and theoretical research articles from every field of sociology. It is open to sociologically informed contributions from anthropologists, economists, historians, lawyers and political scientists. The journal has a special reputation for comparative and historical sociology but is not limited to these fields. It is methodologically open to qualitative and quantitative research. The journal aims to contribute to the diffusion of sociological research from European countries and to enhance interaction between European and non-European sociology.

Publisher Information

Cambridge University Press [www.cambridge.org] is the publishing division of the University of Cambridge, one of the world’s leading research institutions and winner of 81 Nobel Prizes. Cambridge University Press is committed by its charter to disseminate knowledge as widely as possible across the globe. It publishes over 2,500 books a year for distribution in more than 200 countries. Cambridge Journals publishes over 250 peer-reviewed academic journals across a wide range of subject areas, in print and online. Many of these journals are the leading academic publications in their fields and together they form one of the most valuable and comprehensive bodies of research available today. For more information, visit //journals.cambridge.org.

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How do sociologists define Intragenerational mobility?

intragenerational mobility in British English [ˌɪntrəˌdʒɛnəˈreɪʃənəl ] noun. sociology. movement within or between social classes and occupations, the change occurring within an individual's lifetime. Compare intergenerational mobility.

What is the definition of intergenerational mobility?

Intergenerational mobility refers to any change in the status of family members between generations. This change can be either achieving a higher social status than the previous generation or dropping to a lower social status than the previous generation.

What is an example of intergenerational mobility in sociology?

Inter-generational mobility happens when the social position changes from one generation to another. The change can be upward or downward. For example, a father worked in a factory while his son received an education that allowed him to become a lawyer or a doctor.

What do sociologists mean by social mobility?

Social mobility is the movement in time of individuals, families, or other social units between positions of varying advantage in the system of social stratification of a society. Classical authors have studied social mobility primarily in its contribution to class or status group formation.

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